A complete guide to ALL the UNESCO sites in Canada

While European countries get all the praise for the UNESCO sites, Canada does not shy away from some of the best and most unique sites in the world. 

This article will list the best UNESCO World Heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves and Global Geoparks. So, start integrating these on your next Canadian adventure!

Before starting, put on your nerdy glasses and let’s get into the difference between the 3 categories.  

So, what is a World Heritage Site? This is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). These sites have cultural, historical, scientific or other forms of significance. They have a "cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity". There is a total of 1,121 World Heritage Sites (869 cultural, 213 natural, and 39 mixed properties) that exist across 167 countries. In Canada, there are 10 Cultural sites, 11 Natural and 1 mixed. Here is the complete list by the World Heritage Center. There are 10 sites in the tentative list that might be added in the future.

UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve aims to preserve natural sites, Biosphere Reserves seek to reconcile human activity with the conservation of biodiversity through the sustainable use of natural resources. Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1971 by UNESCO. There are 19 Biosphere Reserves in Canada. 

UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) gives international recognition to sites that promote the importance and significance of protecting the Earth’s geodiversity through actively engaging with the local communities. The designation is up for review every four years, meaning that the list is regularly updated. In 2024, there were 195 UNESCO Global Geoparks spread across 38 countries. There are only 5 in Canada.  

There is another UNESCO designation, Cultural Intangibles as "traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants." Unfortunately, we will never know if Poutine or the legends of the Innu nation are on this list as Canada did not sign the agreement.

Since (unfortunately) I haven’t been to all the sites, I got a little help from other bloggers.

Unesco World Heritage sites in Canada

There are a few sites that are not on the list below, these are L’ Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site in the island of Newfoundland, Red Bay Basque Whaling Station situated in Labrador, the cultural landscape of Writing-on-Stone / Áísínai’pi in Alberta.

Cultural World Heritage Sites in Canada

Rideau Canal, ON

by Christina from Travel2next.com

Built to defend Canada against an invasion during the American Revolution, the Rideau Canal opened in 1832. The construction of the canal, its 47 locks and fortified houses for the lockmasters was an incredible engineering achievement because the 202 km (125 miles) passed through wilderness areas where it was challenging to build. At the time, it was a controversial project, and the British Parliament was extremely critical of the decision of Colonel By to spend those funds to defend Upper Canada, which was a British colony. These days, the rivers and lakes of the Rideau Canal are connected by locks and are a continuous waterway between Kingston and Ottawa. 19 kilometres (12 miles) is manmade, and the rest consists of natural channels that provide a lot of enjoyment for those who are keen to cruise, kayak or canoe along the canal. In summer, cruising the Rideau Canal (between May and October) is one of the iconic things to do in Ottawa while during the winter months, the canal’s water turns to ice and skating on the Rideau Canal is a top attraction. It’s free to skate the canal, which turns into one of the world’s largest natural ice-skating rinks in winter.

Psst: If you are looking for things to do in Ottawa in Winter, here is your perfect guide.

Old Quebec City, QC

by Stephanie from The World As I See It

One of Canada’s dreamiest UNESCO World Heritage Sites is Old Quebec City. This walled city is the perfect place to visit right here in Canada if you’re looking for a European-like getaway. Set along the banks of the St. Lawrence River, Quebec City was founded in the early 17th century by Samuel de Champlain. With a rich history, there is a wealth of things to do in Quebec City to learn about and experience its history.

For history buffs, a great place to start your visit to Quebec City is with a walking tour where you can get a lay of the city, discover some hidden gems, and learn about the history of the city, its buildings, and its people. A few must-visit places to see and learn more about this incredible city include; Saint-Louis Forts and Châteaux National Historic Site – that’s located right below the Dufferin Terrace, the Morrin Centre – the city’s first prison, and the beautiful Place Royale – where the first French settlement in North America was built. Another must while in Quebec City is to walk the old city walls in the historic district. Spanning over four kilometres, Quebec City is the only city in North America, north of Mexico, which is surrounded by fortified walls. And one last spot to visit is the Plains of Abraham located within Battlefields Park, Canada’s first National Historic Park.

So, if you’re looking for an incredible place to visit in Canada that is full of history, charm, and will make you feel like you’re in Europe, then consider a getaway to Old Quebec City.

Psst: Add Quebec City to your Quebec road trip for an unforgettable trip.

SGang Gwaay, BC

by James Ian at Travel Collecting

SGang Gwaay (often called Ninstints in English) is an abandoned Haida village in the south of the Haida Gwaii archipelago (formerly called the Queen Charlotte Islands). The site is home to the slowly decaying remains of cedar log houses and the largest collection of totem poles in their natural setting in the world.  Many of the totem poles are still standing, but, in accordance with the traditions of the Haida people, are being left to be reclaimed by nature and returned to the earth that they came from. The village and surrounding forest are often shrouded in mist, which helps make this incredible place even more atmospheric. 

The island and nearby islands make up the Gwaii Haanas National Park, which is also home to incredible wildlife, marine life and birdlife. Chances are good that you will see black bears, bald eagles, ospreys, sea lions, orcas and even humpback whales in the surrounding forests, skies and seas.

The site, on Anthony Island, is remote and can only be accessed by boat, kayak or seaplane. A recommended way to visit them is to take a multi-day sea kayaking trip, which culminates in a visit to the site. There are several small settlements in the north of the archipelago with ferries to/ from Prince Rupert and daily flights to from Vancouver. From there, you will need to book a boat, kayak trip or seaplane down to SGang Gwaay.  It is well worth the effort to get there though!

Grand Pre, NS

by Tom from Travel Past 50

During the multiple colonial wars between England and France of the 17th and 18th Centuries, the French area of colonization in Nova Scotia was repeatedly occupied by one side and the other. In 1713, what is now Nova Scotia was finally handed over to England. At the time, many French colonists scattered to other French territories, but those who remained in their original homes were perceived as a threat to the British.

The Grand Pré area of Nova Scotia was also particularly valuable to the British because of its fertility, which allowed it to grow such a surplus of farm products that the Grand Pré Acadians had been able to trade with other areas of Canada and the American colonies.

So, in 1755, the British began the systematic deportation of the remaining Acadians. More than 11,000 men, women, and children were forced aboard ships and deported to the Anglo-American colonies or were sent to England or France. Between 1755 to 1765 almost half the Acadian people deported from Nova Scotia were lost at sea or died of disease or starvation. By 1765, only 1600 survivors remained in Nova Scotia, but their rich land was occupied by settlers from other areas. Many Acadians took root in Quebec. Many others who had been deported to France made their way back to the Americas, settling in Louisiana, and producing what is now known as the Cajun culture.

The Unesco World Heritage site of Grand Pré retains almost nothing of the original Acadian settlement. Indeed, the English destroyed most of the buildings there so the Acadians would have nothing to return to. But in the early 20th Century a memorial church with a statue of the mythical Acadian maiden Evangeline was built on the site of the Grand Pré village church. And today, the area around the church is planted with beautiful gardens.

Lunenburg, NS

by Cailin from Nova Scotia Explorer

Old town Lunenburg, Nova Scotia is one of the most beautiful UNESCO sites on the east coast of Canada. Considered North America's best example of planned British colonial settlement with many of its buildings dating back to the 1800s. (It must be noted however that this land was first occupied by the Mi'kmaq.) Offshore fishing was originally the most popular industry in Lunenburg but with the decline of the industry; tourism, sales and service jobs are now more popular.

The town is filled with colourful wooden homes and gorgeous architecture, several beautiful churches, quaint B&B's and more. There are also lots of shops great for finding treasures made by local artists and many great places to sit down and enjoy some of the best of Nova Scotia's seafood. Lunenburg is also home to the Bluenose II which was once the fastest racing schooner in the world. The Bluenose II is also famous for being the ship featured on the Canadian dime.

Lunenburg is a very walkable town. Once you arrive, park your car and wander the town on foot which is the best way to explore. To learn more about the town and history be sure to also visit the Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic along the waterfront. The best time of year to visit is from May to October.

Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump, AB

By Nina of Ottawa Things to Do

Once you get passed the graphic name, this heritage site is an incredibly moving visit in Canada. It's located 2 hours south of Calgary, by the border to Montana. There's nothing for miles around, so pack up your car for a bit of a drive.

The site commemorates a buffalo jump, where the Indigenous Peoples of the Prairies would steer herds of buffalo toward a cliff, where they'd fall to their death. Multiple Blackfoot tribes would come together to kill the animals to make their food, clothing, and variety of tools to last most of the year. The name comes from a young boy who fell from the cliffs and smashed his head in.

The museum has a walk along the top of the jump, where you can see the rolling Prairies. There are often bears in the area, so go with a group when possible. If you're on your own, ask the museum guides to go with you.

Inside, the museum houses stuffed buffalo, video and written histories of the Blackfoot peoples, and information on the near extinction of the buffalo by European settlers who would shoot them out of trains for sport. You'll want to spend an hour to two hours exploring the museum. If you take the hiking trail beneath the Buffalo Jump, plan an extra 30 minutes. Note that it's not pet-friendly.

The museum parking is well below the entrance, so it's a bit of a walk. But they do have paved sidewalks that are suitable for wheelchairs. Drop off any family members at the top of the hill if possible, and park your car at the bottom.

L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site, NL

by Marianne from The Journeying Giordano's

L'Anse aux Meadows is a unique historical site located at the northernmost tip of Newfoundland, near the town of St. Anthony. A solid 8-hour drive from the ferry at Port aux Basques, the trip may be long, but definitely worth it.

What makes this location so significant, is that this is where the Vikings were thought to have landed over a thousand years ago. It also marks the earliest known European presence in North America. When you visit L'Anse aux Meadows, be prepared to do some walking, as the site is quite large.

You can stroll along the wooden boardwalk, check out the visitor centre and hiking trails, and tour the restored Viking buildings to see what it was like to live in that time. The site offers interactive experiences where you can watch blacksmithing, weaving, or even try your hand at some traditional Norse crafts.

The guides, who are dressed in period attire, stay in character as they bring the Viking saga to life. It's a great way to learn about history, especially for younger members of the family. Parks Canada also offers many special events, including an intriguing evening of Norse storytelling held around the fire in one of the sod buildings.

L'Anse aux Meadows was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978. This designation highlights the site's significance to both European and Indigenous history. It also offers a unique look into the Viking Age and their North American expeditions.

Natural World Heritage Sites in Canada

There are a few sites that are not on the list below, these are Gros Morne National Park and Mistaken Point in Newfoundland, the Nahanni National Park in Northwest Territories and the Waterton Glacier International Peace Park in Alberta. finally, the Mixed Unesco World Heritage site is Pimachiowin Aki between Manitoba and Ontario.

Miguasha National Park, QC

Nestled in the beautiful Gaspésie region in Quebec you have the Miguasha National Park. The site is near the town of Carleton-sur-Mer, along the southern shore of the Gaspé Peninsula. It was established in 1985 and designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999 due to its exceptional fossil deposits.

The UNESCO Natural Heritage site is where you can learn everything about the Devonian Period known as the 'Age of Fishes'. The site is considered to be the world's most outstanding illustration of the Devonian Period. You will see fossils dating back to 370 million years ago. The Upper Devonian Escuminac Formation represented in the site contains five of the six fossil fish groups associated with this period The site is of particular importance because of the number and how well the fossils are preserved. It explains the evolution of how fishes evolved to be terrestrial creatures with the discovery of “the best-preserved fossil specimens of the lobe-finned fishes that gave rise to the first four-legged, air-breathing terrestrial vertebrates – the tetrapods” as explained by UNESCO.

In addition to its paleontological importance, Miguasha National Park is also known for its scenic beauty, with forests, cliffs, and beaches along the shore of Chaleur Bay. The park offers various outdoor activities, including hiking trails, guided tours, and a museum showcasing the fossil discoveries made in the area.

The Carleton-sur-mer along the Chaleur Bay is a beautiful coastal town that you need to visit on your Gaspé peninsula road trip.

Fossile de Miguasha ©Jean-Pierre Sylvestre/Le Québec maritime

Anticosti Island, QC

Île d’Anticosti is the new addition to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, it was added in 2023. The site is on a Quebec national park and two ecological reserves. The island is the biggest in Quebec but is only home to 200 residents. Its majestic natural beauty with its large waterfalls and numerous caves is also very rich in wildlife, it is where you will find the most white-tale deer in the province. The UNESCO site protects the many fossils that can be found here. The protection extends to 18,240 hectares with a buffer zone of 89,740 hectares which represents 14% of the surface of the island. This heritage site is situated on the Nitassinans or territories claimed by the Innu communities of Ekuanitshit and Nutashkuan.  

The island is home to the ”best preserved palaeontological record of the first mass extinction of animal life, 447-437 million years ago. It also contains the best-preserved fossil record of marine life covering 10 million years of Earth's history. The abundance, diversity, and exquisite preservation of the fossils are exceptional and allow for world-class scientific work. Thousands of large bedding surfaces allow the observation and study of shell and sometimes soft-bodied animals that lived on the shallow sea floor of an ancient tropical sea.” You can read the full description here.

Waterfall, Île d’Anticosti ©Sébastien St-Jean/Tourisme Côte-Nord

The Rocky Mountain parks

Mount Robson, BC

by Hannah from That Adventurer

Mt Robson is in Eastern British Columbia and is the tallest mountain in the Canadian Rockies and has had the status of being a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990.

At 3,954m tall, Mt Robson is not only protected as part of its UNESCO status but also lends its name to the Mt Robson Provincial Park. Mt Robson Provincial Park is BC's second oldest Provincial Park having been created in 1913. Together with nearby parks including Jasper, Banff and Yoho, this area makes up part of the world's largest block of protected areas.

The peak itself, Mt Robson, is mighty impressive and though it can be seen from the highway as you drive to or from nearby Jasper in Alberta or from the Mt Robson Provincial Park visitor centre, this impressive mountain is best viewed by hiking the Berg Lake Trail.

The Berg Lake trail is a 42km hike that's most often completed over the course of several days. The endpoint of the trail for most hikers is the Berg Lake campground which sits at the foot of Mount Robson and its surrounding glaciers. Reserving camping sites and permits can be tricky as it's an extremely popular park to visit. If you do get lucky and secure a permit you're sure to think the hike is worth it!

Jasper National Park, AB

by Dhara from It’s Not About the Miles

Jasper National Park is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain UNESCO World Heritage Site, designated for its exceptional natural beauty. The park is definitely worth putting on your itinerary for the region!

Whether you are looking to do some hikes, or you want to savour the sights and enjoy landscape photography, or you want to spot wildlife, you will have a fabulous time exploring Jasper National Park. There are many beautiful lakes to visit in Jasper. Cruise Maligne Lake and visit Spirit Island, known as one of the prettiest spots in Canada. Look upon the beauty of Lac Beauvert from the Fairmont Jasper Park Lodge. Walk at Annette Lake or go canoeing at Pyramid Lake.

Take the Jasper SkyTram for aerial views over the region. Take a wildlife tour to see grizzly or black bears, moose, elk, and more. At the southern end of the park, walk on the Columbia Icefield on a tour in a special bus, or hike to the base of Athabasca Glacier. It is one of the best experiences in Jasper National Park. You can also drive up to the top of Mt. Edith Cavell for epic hikes. The alpine scenery is stunning and you can see lots of wildflowers in season.

The northern endpoint of the extremely scenic Icefields Parkway, Jasper is an easy drive from Banff or Lake Louise. You can also arrive by train from Vancouver or Edmonton.

Yoho National Park, BC

Contributed by Dhara from It's Not About the Miles

Yoho National Park in British Columbia is part of the Canadian Rockies UNESCO World Heritage Site in Canada, along with several other national and provincial parks. Located on the western slopes of the Great Divide, Yoho National Park packs a powerful punch when it comes to natural beauty, with majestic mountains, sparkling alpine lakes, and glaciers.

Possibly the most well-known attraction in Yoho National Park is Emerald Lake. When it is thawed, Emerald Lake does indeed have emerald-green waters! In the summer, you can go boating on the lake, or hike the trail along the shore, with views of the surrounding mountains and wildflowers to admire.

Near Emerald Lake is the incredible Natural Bridge over the Kicking Horse River, where you can observe the might of the water as it gushes and cascades under a natural stone bridge. It's a great spot for photos!

Takakkaw Falls is one of the tallest waterfalls in Canada. The road is open during the summer and you can drive right up to its base. Feel the spray as you stand at the bottom! This is one of the spots throughout Canada where you will find the iconic red Adirondack chairs!

Lake O'Hara is another stunning point of interest in Yoho National Park, but you need to make reservations in order to visit. It is a collection of spectacular alpine lakes and hanging valleys connected by a trail network.

You can buy a single-location Parks Canada pass to visit or opt for the Discovery Pass, valid at multiple Parks Canada locations for 12 months.

Banff National Park, AB

by Karissa of In Old Cities

Located on the southwestern edge of the province of Alberta, Banff National Park is perhaps the best-known part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks UNESCO World Heritage Site. Banff truly has it all: unbelievable mountain views, vibrantly colored lakes, impressive waterfalls, hiking to suit all levels of interest and ability, and the picturesque little town of Banff itself.

Banff is especially famous for containing some of the world's most beautiful lakes, including Moraine Lake (pictured below), Lake Louise, and Peyto Lake. Arrive early, since some of these spots get absolutely swarmed during peak seasons -- plus, getting a head start allows you to pair lake visits with other worthwhile activities. For example, watch the sunrise at Lake Louise, then hike up to the neighboring Lake Agnes, where you can warm up at the lake's delightful little tea house.

Other excellent things to do in Banff include driving the Icefields Parkway (where you can see a rapidly receding glacier), taking the Banff Gondola up Sulphur Mountain, walking through Johnston Canyon, and exploring the massive Fairmont Banff Springs hotel (which is so big that it can be visible from miles away).

Notably, Banff is also an easy drive from other national parks in the Canadian Rockies, including Yoho and Jasper, and it's possible to visit all of them in one wonderful itinerary.

Banff National Park is an excellent destination year-round, but it's most popular in the summer, when the weather is friendliest, and in the winter, when it's a top-notch destination for winter sports and activities.

Athabasca Glacier, AB

By Bailey from Destinationless Travel

The Athabasca Glacier is the crown jewel of the Icefields Parkway, which is really saying something. Located on the border between Banff and Jasper National Parks, it’s the most accessible glacier in the Columbia Icefield. The icefield is around roughly a quarter of a million years old, so the Athabasca Glacier really is frozen in time - for example, some of the ice at the end of the glacier is actually snowfall from 400 years ago. That makes it older than Canada itself! 

For a quick stop along the Icefields Parkway, you can park up and hike the Athabasca Glacier Trail, which takes you to a viewpoint near the glacier. This only takes 10-20 minutes, but if you’re visiting during summer and have a little more time on your hands, head to the Columbia Icefield for an Ice Explorer tour. This takes you across the glacier’s surface in a special all-terrain vehicle. You can even get out for a walk around, and fill up your reusable water bottle with glacier melt. 

There’s also a skywalk at the Columbia Icefields, which extends from the cliffside and offers breathtaking views of the glacial valley below. The skywalk is suspended 305 meters (1,000 ft) over the Sunwapta Valley and has a glass bottom, so strolling along here is quite a thrilling experience. Or, if you’re feeling really adventurous, you can even do a guided hike on the glacier’s surface.

Unfortunately, the Athabasca Glacier has halved in volume over the past 175 years, and once extended to where the visitor center stands today. So make that you go and check out this natural wonder while you still can! 

Kluane Park, YK

by Natasha from the Great Ocean Road Collective

One of Canada’s most unique UNESCO sites is Kluane National Park and Reserve in southern Yukon. Kluane is part of a greater collection of parks, the ‘Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek’ range, which lies on either side of the Yukon-Alaska border. The area has earned UNESCO recognition as it is home to some of the world’s oldest glaciers and exemplifies the impacts of glaciation on the landscape. Kluane Park itself is home to the world’s largest non-polar ice field, as well as 17 of Canada’s 20 highest mountains. Amongst these is Mount Logan, Canada’s highest peak standing at 5,959 meters. 

There are plenty of great ways to explore Kluane. Start at Kathleen Lake, a beautiful spot offering both a day-use area and a campground. Take in the spectacular scenery, stroll around the half-kilometre boardwalk, or go for a paddle. The lake is also the base to the King’s Throne trail, a great day-hike that brings you up into the alpine with stunning views of the mountains and lake below. There are plenty of other hikes within the park, ranging from strolls to multi-day treks. The park is home to abundant wildlife, including grizzly bears, Dall sheep, caribou, wolves, and mountain goats. Be sure to carry bear spray with you and review your bear safety before adventuring through the park. 

Another popular way of visiting this Park Canada site is to take a helicopter ride over the park. You’ll be able to soak up the incredible landscapes from above, fly over the icefields and even land on Mount Logan! We recommend Icefield Discovery, which offers personalized tours. Other activities include rafting down the Alsek River, which is fed by glacial waters that flow through the park. 

Dinosaur Provincial Park, AB

by Nick Kembel of Spiritual Travels

Located in southeastern Alberta, Dinosaur Provincial Park preserves a 20,000-acre section of the largest badlands area in Canada. This Canadian heritage site sits in the Red Deer River basin, created by a glacial flood nearly 20,000 years ago.

More than 50 dinosaur species have been discovered there, or around 5% of all dinosaur species. The park acquired UNESCO status in 1979 thanks to its unique environment and abundance of fossils.
Arriving at Dinosaur Provincial Park is a surreal experience. After driving through prairies for hours, no matter which direction you arrive from, the road suddenly descends into a barren landscape of arid sandstone hills, layered cliffs showing millions of years of prehistory, and bizarre hoodoos. A half dozen hiking trails provide access to the badlands, while the excellent Dinosaur Provincial Park campground allows visitors to bed down at the base of sandy cliffs. There are also two full dinosaur skeletons in situ on display, as well as a small museum showcasing the park’s geology and more fossils.

Much of the park is a nature reserve and is off-limits to visitors unless they go on one of several guided walks. By doing so, visitors are pretty much guaranteed to see and find real dinosaur fossils, including an enormous leg bone of a hadrosaur still half-buried in the ground! As a reminder, though, it is illegal to take any fossils from the park and doing so comes with a hefty fine.  

Joggins Fossil Cliffs, NS

by Lee and Stacey of One Trip at a Time

Inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2008, Joggins Fossil Cliffs offer visitors a compelling introduction to what many experts consider the world’s most complete fossil record of life in the Pennsylvanian Period (341 to 289 million years ago) anywhere in the world.

Built on top of a 250-year-old coal mine on the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia, the site is about 15 km of rocky beach with cliffs reaching up to 30 metres high. Under the constant surging of the huge Fundy tides, the cliffs have eroded to reveal thousands of fossils of which plants are the most commonly found, though a forest of upright petrified tree stumps is what the site is best known for. 

The fossil cliffs were first brought to public attention in 1852 when geologists found fossilized bones from one of the world’s first reptiles, making this discovery the first evidence that land animals lived during the Coal Age. For those of us who are not geologists or paleontologists, we can gain more from our experience by visiting the state-of-the-art visitor’s centre which includes interpretive displays of insect, amphibian, and plant fossils. Also, you can watch working lab technicians and speak to experts who can answer all your questions.

You can wander the beach at the cliff base on your own to look for fossils that have fallen off the cliff face (but you cannot take them away with you without a permit) but to really get the most from your visit we recommend joining a guided beach tour. There are three tour options ranging from an easy 30-minute stroll, a more in-depth two-hour tour (our recommendation), to a strenuous four-hour outing for those most interested. Whichever tour you choose, you are sure to discover what a world treasure Joggins Fossil Cliffs truly are.

Wood Buffalo National Park, AB

by Pooja Shah from Feels Like Life

Wood Buffalo National Park is the largest national park in Canada and the second-largest in the world. It covers a total of 44,807 square kilometres of area in Northern Alberta. The park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in the year 1983. 

Wood Buffalo National Park was created in 1922 to protect the dwindling herds of wood bison. For thousands of years, indigenous communities used to depend on the land and water of the park to sustain their lives before European colonization. You will find the largest free-roaming herd of wood bison in the world at National Park. The park is also home to the natural nesting ground of the endangered species of the whooping crane. 

Apart from spotting the majestic bison, there are several other activities that one can indulge in at the Wood Buffalo National Park. Some of these are exploring the salt plains at the Switchback or Bison trail, wandering across the Mars-like landscape at the Benchmark Creek trail, paddling across Pine Lake, and kayaking in the Salt River that starts from the McNeil Lake in the park. 

If you plan a night stay, visit the Sky Circle where you could lean back and gaze at the endless field of stars from the benches. If you’re lucky and the weather permits, you can even spot an aurora, making it a trip you will never forget. There is no registration or entrance fee to visit the Wood Buffalo National Park. Though the park is open year-round, summer is probably the best season to visit it as it is relatively uncrowded during those times. 

Wood Buffalo National Park "File:Wood-Buffalo-NP Gros Beak Lake 2 98-07-02.jpg" by Ansgar Walk is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5

UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Canada

Niagara Escarpment, ON

by Sarah of In Search of Sarah

The Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve is one of the most prominent features in Southern Ontario, with steep rock faces, stunning cliff views, and a unique diversity of over 600 species of plants and animals. It’s one of only 18 biosphere reserves in Canada and one of few areas protected by legislation to ensure the area remains protected for future generations.

Stretching 725 kilometres from the base of Niagara Falls all the way up to the tip of the Bruce Peninsula, the Niagara Escarpment is the largest stretch of forested land and has the greatest topographical changes in Ontario. The escarpment was formed over 450 million years ago by erosion and includes a variety of landscapes ranging from wetlands, woodlands, limestone formations, coastline, cliffs, and more. It’s home to roughly 600 species of birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, amphibians, and flora, including old-growth forests with trees dating back 1000 years!

Due to the unique nature of the Niagara Escarpment, there is no shortage of activities to do. The area makes for ideal hiking trails (especially during the fall!) along Canada’s oldest path, the Bruce Trail, with some sections passing through old-growth forests dating back 1000 years.

There are also numerous opportunities for birdwatching and wildlife viewing across an abundance of conservation areas, beaches to enjoy, rock climbing, skiing, swimming, fishing, camping, waterfalls to view, historic places to visit, and more! The Niagara Escarpment also offers prime growing conditions for agriculture, including wine. One of the most famous wine regions in Ontario is the Niagara Region, so if you’re looking for a getaway with stunning views, plenty of outdoor activities, and great wine, be sure to make a trip to Southern Ontario!

Southwest Nova Biosphere Reserve, NS

by Ayngelina Brogan from Bacon is Magic

Only one of 18 designated ecosystems in Canada, the Southwest Nova Biosphere Reserve was designated in 2001. It is a large region in southwestern Nova Scotia, spanning 5 counties (operation comprised of five counties — Annapolis, Digby, Queens, Shelburne and Yarmouth) and is considered a "living laboratory".
The 1.54 million hectares recognize the region's unique cultural and natural heritage. Together the counties work together on conservation efforts in the area with a focus on sustainability, research and education.
The most notable areas for tourists are the Kejimikijuk National Park and Tobeatic Forest. The region also is known for farming, forestry and fishing. Located on the Atlantic Ocean and home to the Bay of Fundy, which has the world's highest tides it is home to the largest and most diverse fishery in Atlantic Canada and Yarmouth restaurants are known for having incredible seafood, including lobster.
Culturally the region is diverse as it is the unceded Mi'kmaw territory and home to the largest Acadian community. Traditions for both communities continue to thrive, including its commitment to nature. Unique wildlife includes species such as the eagle, trout, and moose along with rare plants and endangered species.

And for those who like astronomy, it is under some of the darkest skies in North America.

Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve, QC

Located around 1 hour away from Quebec City, you can continue your road trip into the Charlevoix which is a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve. This classification allows “6,000 square kilometres of rich forests, streams, and wildlife to be protected. The area comprises agricultural areas, river ecosystems, estuarine tidal marshes and flats, coniferous and mixed forests, stunted vegetation (krummholz) and mountain tundra ecosystems”. The region was added to the list in 1988. The Biosphere Reserve is home to a diverse array of plant and animal species, including several endangered species. It also serves as an important stopover for migratory birds.

The Charlevoix landscape was defined millions of years ago by a massive meteorite that crashed down in the area forming hills and creating a deep crater of nearly 60 kilometres in diameter. If you are in the geology field by profession and /or by passion, this will for sure fascinate you! The region is a hiker’s paradise and a foodie hot spot.

The area has also applied to be a UNESCO Global Geoparks. Maybe we will see the addition in the upcoming years.

Charlevoix is one of my favourite regions of Quebec, the mountains with the wide St-Lawrence River make spectacular vistas. Here is your detailed travel guide to the beautiful Charlevoix region.

Mont Saint-Hilaire Biosphere Reserve, QC

Mont Saint-Hilaire and its 8 surrounding municipalities are a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve since 1978. The mount is home to many rare and endangered species. It hosts 400 years old trees and over 800 known species of butterflies! The reserve encompasses a variety of ecosystems, including forests, wetlands, and agricultural areas, and it is home to a rich diversity of plant and animal species. The mountain itself, Mont Saint-Hilaire, is a significant geological and ecological landmark in the region.

You would suggest visiting the mount by going to the Gault Nature Reserve which belongs to McGill University and protects nearly 1000 hectares of the natural environment. Here you can go hiking or snowshoeing and cross-country skiing in Winter.

Mont Saint-Hilaire is one of the best day trips from Montreal.

Manicouagan-Uapishka World Biosphere Reserve, QC

The Manicouagan-Uapishka reserve was designated by UNESCO in 2007 and it is located in the Côte Nord area of the province. The reserve encapsulates the city of Baie-Comeau and its surrounding villages, and the entire boreal forest that turns into taiga in the backcountry. It also protects Mount Groulx and the Manicouagan crater and of course, the majestic Saint-Lawrence River that looks at the sea in this area. It is home to a variety of plant and animal species, some of which are rare or endangered. Manicougan-Uapishka is one of the world’s largest Biosphere Reserves, covering 54,800 km2.

Doing a road trip through the Cote Nord region will take you through astonishing national parks and the famous whale route. You can read more about the Cote Nord here.

Georgian Bay National Park, ON

Submitted by Kelly of Just One Passport

Georgian Bay National Park is one of Canada's many UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Situated in the heart of Ontario's cottage country, nestled along the eastern shores of Lake Huron, this national park offers visitors a unique opportunity to connect with nature and relax among one of Canada's most stunning landscapes.

This Canadian UNESCO site is the world's largest freshwater archipelago which offers outdoor enthusiasts an abundance of outdoor activities, including a magnitude of hiking adventures, an unlimited amount of water activities, camping under the stars, wildlife viewing, stunning Fall foliage and star gazing.

Day visitors to the Georgian Bay National Park will also be able to explore the beauty of the park from the water. During my visit last year, I took in the beauty of this National Park by taking a two-hour boat tour from Midland, Ontario. If you prefer to explore one of the 63 islands found within the Georgian Bay National Park, day taxis are also available to transport you to an island of your choice.

However you decide to explore this Canadian UNESCO site, you won't be left disappointed. The natural beauty found within the Georgian Bay National Park is unsurpassable.

UNESCO Clayoquot Sound Biosphere Region, BC

By Tracy Smyth of Travel Bug Tonic

It’s called the wild West Coast for a reason and the UNESCO Clayoquot Sound Biosphere Region is dedicated to keeping it that way.

Covering over 350,000 hectares, the area is a montage of islands, coastal mountains, temperate rainforests, rivers, rocky coastal shores, and stunningly pristine beaches. It’s a diverse ecosystem, home to lush vegetation and wild animals and, depending on the season, it is common to see eagles, black bears, and wolves on the beaches and a variety of whales swimming off the coast.

Approximately 6,500 people live in the five nuučaan̓uł (Nuu-chah-nulth) First Nations communities and two municipalities of Tofino and Ucluelet, yet the area’s population more than triples during tourist season with a tide of over a million tourists every year. Education about the protection and sustainability of the wild west coast is a critical priority of local communities.

Visitors are both awed by the dramatic landscape and inspired to get outdoors. Nature-based activities take center stage with surfing, kayaking, and hiking adventures for any age and ability. People come to walk the vast beaches, watch the waves crash relentlessly against the rocky shores, bike the 76 km paved, multi-use trail connecting Ucluelet and Tofino, or sample the fresh local seafood. While the weather is warmest in the summer months, August is also known locally as “fog-ust” so unsuspecting visitors might encounter the occasional cooler weather and dense marine fog!

As an alternative to the crowded summer tourist season, winter storm watching occurs between November and February, and the Pacific Rim Whale Festival in mid-March celebrates the return of the grey whales. No matter when you visit, though, any season in the wild of the Clayoquot Sound will leave you breathless.

Howe Sound Biosphere Reserve, BC

by Jessica from the Uprooted Traveler

The Howe Sound,  known as Átl'ka7tsem in the Squamish language, is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in western British Columbia. 

The reserve’s footprint stretches 2,187 square kilometers, running just northwest of Vancouver to around the town of Squamish and westward toward the Sunshine Coast. In this stunning expanse, there are beautiful fjords, towering islands that rise out of the sound, dense pine tree forests, rugged mountains, and a jaw-dropping amount of land animals, including bald eagles, grizzly bears, and wolverines. Its rarest inhabitants, however, are located underwater—glass sponges that form unique reefs underwater. 

The best way to experience the reserve is to drive the iconic Sea to Sky Highway, a 377 kilometer road that starts in Vancouver and ends in Whistler, following along the Howe Sound through some of the most dramatic scenery that British Columbia has to offer. 

There are plenty of ways to explore the spectacular outdoor scenery along this highway—for example, you can take a wildlife-watching cruise from Vancouver into the Howe Sound and keep your eyes peeled for marine life, like orcas, gray whales, and humpback whales. 

The town of Squamish is packed with opportunities to explore this beautiful landscape. For example, take a ride on the Sea to Sky Gondola, which rises 880 meters above the coastline below, with spectacular views of the Howe Sound. Nearby, you can hike to Mamquam Falls, a 62-foot shocking turquoise waterfall that careens down a gorge.  

For something even more adventurous, you can try scuba diving in the Sound. While the water will definitely be on the chillier side, you can spot some of the wildlife that makes this region so special like seals, octopuses, and eels. 

UNESCO Global Geopark in Canada

Percé UNESCO Global Geopark, QC

If you have seen any pictures of the Gaspésie peninsula, you have seen the iconic Percé rock dominating the landscape. The region was designated as a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2018. The geopark is centred around the town of Percé and encompasses a diverse range of geological features, cultural heritage sites, and natural landscapes. Another notable geological feature is Bonaventure Island, which is home to one of the largest colonies of Northern Gannets in the world.

To better understand its significance, you need to go to the Geopark. This is a museum combined with a park. If you are a geology buff, then this is your stop! The rocks in the area record 170 million years of history, you will learn everything from the glacial area to the dangers of erosion. After your visit to the museum, go do a nice hike through the woods, discover the hidden waterfall and of course, admire the views from the glass platform or do a short zipline ride! The views from the top are breathtaking.

The Gaspé peninsula road trip is a must-do in Quebec, here are all the details.

Stonehammer Geopark, NB

from Thomas Coldwell at Out and Across

Found in and around the historic City of Saint John, Stonehammer Geopark covers over 2,500 square kilometres of the southern New Brunswick region. As a blend of geological wonders and historical attractions, Stonehammer’s geological history stretches back over one billion years. It offers visitors the chance to interact first-hand with the diverse natural and human history of the Maritimes, such as driving along the picturesque Fundy Trail, entering the impressive sea caves in St. Martin’s, or walking around to admire King’s Square in Uptown Saint John.

For those interested in delving into the earth’s past, this geopark includes many fossil and mineral sites. Travel with a tour guide to locations where you can uncover traces of ancient life, such as the cascading Lepreau Falls where visitors can see remnants of ancient continents and oceanic crusts. Remember, fossils are provincially protected in New Brunswick and permits are required to collect them. If you discover a fossil, take a photo and note the location before contacting the New Brunswick Museum.

There’s no shortage of outdoor adventures to be had in Stonehammer Geopark. You’ll find several well-maintained urban parks and rugged coastline trails for the avid hiker or casual walker. Along the Bay of Fundy coastline, sea kayaking and coastal hiking are among the best ways to witness ancient rock formations. If you’re looking for something close to the city, Rockwood Park offers over 50 kilometres of trails for all skill levels in Saint John, providing scenic viewpoints and opportunities to observe natural landscapes with diverse wildlife. For a more challenging adventure, coastal hiking opportunities like Five Fathom Hole and Split Rock Trail provide the chance to experience the majestic Bay of Fundy up close.

The other Geoparks in Canada are Tumbler Ridge with its spectacular 70m cascade, and Kinuseo Falls. The park also has world-class dinosaur trackways and fossils. The Cliffs of Fundy are located in Nova Scotia by the Bay of Fundy which is home to the highest tides in the world! Lastly, the Discovery UNESCO Global Geopark is located in Bonavista Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador, and be ready to discover the small town and geological wanders along the “Discovery Trail” with the spotlight being the Tickle Cove sea arch.

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